History In

History In 1773, Benjamin Franklin suggested in a letter it may be possible to preserve human life in the suspended state for centuries. However, the modern era of cryonics did not emerge until 1962 when physics professor Robert Ettinger of the University of Michigan, suggested in a book which he funded, The Prospect of Immortality, that the freezing of people would be a way to reach future medical technology. Although freeze a person look mortal, Ettinger argued that what today may seem fatal, tomorrow may be reversible. Apply the same argument to the process of dying itself, saying that the early stages of clinical death may be reversible in the future. Combining these two ideas, he suggested that freezing recently deceased could be a way to save lives.A little before the end of his book Ettinger, Evan Cooper (under the pseudonym Nathan Duhring) financed the publication of his book Immortality: Physically, Scientifically, Now that suggested the same idea independently. Cooper founded the Life Extension Society in 1965 to promote freezing people. A Ettinger was considered the father of cryonics, perhaps because his book was republished by Doubleday in 1964 with the recommendations of Isaac Asimov and Fred Pohl, thus receiving more publicity. Ettinger also stayed with the movement for a long time. However, the historian specializing in cryonics R. Michael Perry has written by Evan Cooper "deserves the highest recognition for creating an organized cryonics movement." The actual word "cryonics" (cryonics in English) was invented by Karl Werner in 1965 along with Curtis Henderson and Saul Kent when the latter founded the Cryonics Society of New York (CSNY).This was followed by the founding of the Cryonics Society of Michigan (CSM) and the Cryonics Society of California (CSC) in 1966 and in 1969 he founded the Bay Area Cryonics Society (BACS) to which the name was changed in 1985 by the American Cryonics Society or ACS. The CSM eventually became the Inmortalist Society, a nonprofit company and affiliate of the Cryonics Institute, which is an organization that offers cryonics services founded by Robert Ettinger in 1976 and is now second worldwide. In the early seventies of last century, the Cryonics Society of Michigan had an ambulance with supplies and equipment necessary for cryonics patients including an "Iron Heart" by Westinghouse that used to supply oxygen cylinder and a piston drive presses the sternum with a force and frequency adjustable to force the heart to pump blood. Cryonics Institute currently employs a more advanced model created by Michigan Instruments.The well oxygenated blood supply not only reduces the rate of degeneration, but also helps to distribute the anticoagulant, and makes the cooling process is faster if the patient or the head are partially submerged in ice or immersed in a bath circulating cold as the CI is used. Although there is at least one previous unsuccessful attempt, it is generally accepted that the first person frozen with intentions of an early resuscitation was Dr. James Bedford, a psychology professor of 73 years that was frozen in rudimentary form by the CSC on 12 January 1967. This case became a limited ion cover of "Life Magazine" before it will stop the presses to report the death of three astronauts in the Apollo I fireThe cryonics suffered a major setback in 1979 when in a cemetery in Chatsworth (California) was discovered nine bodies stored by the CSC, thawed by the reduction of funds. Apparently some of the bodies had been thawed for years without notification . The director of the CSC was sued, and the negative publicity slowed the growth of cryonics for years. Of the seventeen cryonics cases documented between 1967 and 1973, only James Bedford cryopreserved remains today. The stringent financial controls and requirements adopted in response to the scandal of Chatsworth have resulted in the proper maintenance of almost all cryonics cases after that. In 1972 Fred and Linda Chamberlain founded what is today the world's foremost provider of cryonics services under the name Alcor Society for Solid State Hypothermia (ALCOR). In 1977 he changed his name to the Alcor Life Extension Foundation.In 1982 it merged with the Institute for Advanced Biological Studies (IABS), founded by Mike Darwin and Steve Bridges in Indiana. Through the combination of technical skills and communication of Darwin with the physician scientist Jerry Leaf, this merger is seen as the key enabling Alcor attract a large number of connoisseurs, which eventually led to Alcor to a leadership position in the sector. During the eighties, Darwin, Jerry Leaf, researcher of cardiothoracic surgery at UCLA, worked together to develop a model Alcor physician for cryonics procedures.